Tramadol is a pain medication that is used to treat moderate to moderately severe pain. It is a centrally acting analgesic, which means that it works in the brain and spinal cord to reduce pain signals. Tramadol is available as a tablet, capsule, extended-release tablet, and oral solution.
How does tramadol work?
Tramadol works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord. Opioid receptors are proteins that are involved in the transmission of pain signals. When tramadol binds to these receptors, it blocks the transmission of pain signals, which results in pain relief.
What are the uses of tramadol?
Tramadol is used to treat moderate to moderately severe pain. It is commonly used to treat pain after surgery, dental procedures, and injuries. Tramadol can also be used to treat chronic pain, such as pain from arthritis or chronic back pain.
Side effects of tramadol
Tramadol is generally well-tolerated, but it can cause some side effects. Common side effects of tramadol include:
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Constipation
- Headache
- Sweating
- Dry mouth
Serious side effects of tramadol are rare, but they can happen. Serious side effects of tramadol include:
- Seizures
- Serotonin syndrome
- Respiratory depression
- Death
Precautions and warnings
Tramadol should not be used by people who are allergic to it. Tramadol should also not be used by people who are taking MAO inhibitors, such as phenelzine, tranylcypromine, or isocarboxazid.
Tramadol should be used with caution by people who have:
- A history of seizures
- A history of head injury
- A history of liver or kidney disease
- A history of mental health problems
- A history of substance abuse
Tramadol can cause drowsiness and dizziness. People taking tramadol should not drive or operate machinery until they know how the medication affects them.
Dosage and administration
The dosage of tramadol depends on the individual’s age, weight, and medical condition. The usual starting dose of tramadol for adults is 50 milligrams (mg) taken every 4 to 6 hours as needed. The maximum daily dose of tramadol is 400 mg.
Tramadol should be taken with food to reduce the risk of stomach upset.
Overdose
Overdose of tramadol can be fatal. Symptoms of tramadol overdose include:
- Drowsiness
- Confusion
- Seizures
- Slow breathing
- Loss of consciousness
If you think you or someone you know has overdosed on tramadol, call 911 immediately.
Drug interactions
Tramadol can interact with other medications. Some drugs that can interact with tramadol include:
- MAO inhibitors
- Other opioids
- Antidepressants
- Anticonvulsants
- Sleeping pills
- Alcohol
If you are taking any other medications, talk to your doctor before taking tramadol.
Storage and disposal
Tramadol should be stored at room temperature in a cool, dry place. Keep tramadol out of the reach of children and pets.
Tramadol should be disposed of according to your local laws and regulations.
Conclusion
Tramadol is a safe and effective pain medication when used as directed. However, it is important to be aware of the potential side effects and interactions of tramadol. If you have any questions or concerns about tramadol, talk to your doctor.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between tramadol and hydrocodone?
Tramadol and hydrocodone are both opioid pain medications, but they work in different ways. Tramadol works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord, as well as by increasing the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. Hydrocodone only binds to opioid receptors. This means that tramadol is generally considered to be a weaker opioid than hydrocodone.
Tramadol is also less likely to cause respiratory depression than hydrocodone. However, tramadol can still cause seizures, especially in people who are taking high doses or who have a history of seizures.
How long does tramadol stay in your system?
The half-life of tramadol is about 6 hours. This means that it takes 6 hours for the amount of tramadol in your body to be reduced by half. The total time that tramadol stays in your system will vary depending on your individual metabolism.
Can I take tramadol with ibuprofen?
Tramadol can be taken with ibuprofen, but it is important to talk to your doctor first. Ibuprofen can increase the risk of bleeding, and taking it with tramadol can further increase this risk.
Is tramadol addictive?
Tramadol can be addictive, especially if it is taken for a long time or in high doses. If you are taking tramadol, it is important to talk to your doctor about the risks of addiction and to follow their instructions carefully.
What are the signs of tramadol overdose?
The signs of tramadol overdose include:
- Drowsiness
- Confusion
- Seizures
- Slow breathing
- Loss of consciousness
If you think you or someone you know has overdosed on tramadol, call 911 immediately.
What is the best way to get rid of unused tramadol?
The best way to get rid of unused tramadol is to take it to a drug take-back program. You can find a drug take-back program near you by visiting the DEA website.
Can I get tramadol over-the-counter?
No, tramadol is not available over-the-counter. It is a prescription medication.
What are the alternatives to tramadol?
There are many other pain medications available, including other opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and acetaminophen. The best alternative for you will depend on your individual pain and medical condition.
What should I do if I experience side effects from tramadol?
If you experience any side effects from tramadol, talk to your doctor. Some side effects, such as drowsiness and dizziness, may go away on their own as your body adjusts to the medication. Other side effects, such as seizures, may be serious and require medical attention.
