Is an abrupt or rapid decline in renal filtration function
This is (usually) reversible kidney failure, most commonly as a result of:
- dehydration and fluid loss
- drugs/toxins,
- urinary tract obstruction, and
- acute glomerulonephritis in older children
Diagnostic Criteria
- Oedema
- Oluguria/anuria
- Convulsions in children
Investigations
- Serum electrolytes, Urea and Creatinine tests
- Ultrasound
- Urinalysis
Non-Pharmacological Treatment
- Give oxygen, and nurse in semi-Fowlers’ position if patient has respiratory distress.
- Stop intake of all salt and potassium containing foods and fluids
- Restrict fluid intake to 10 mL/kg/day daily plus visible fluid losses
Pharmacological Treatment
Adults
If diastolic blood pressure is greater than 100 mmHg or systolic blood pressure is above 150 mmHg:
C: Amlodipine (PO) 5 mg as a single dose.
If there is respiratory distress (rapid respiration, orthopnoea):
B: Furosemide, as an IV bolus, 80 mg.
Note: Do not put up a drip and do not give a fluid infusion.
Referral
All cases where adequate laboratory and clinical resources exists, management according to the hospital level guidelines may be instituted